2014: Francois Lefeuvre , CNRS, France

2013: Hristo Kabakchiev , Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", Bulgaria

2013: Kazuya Kobayashi , Chuo University, Japan

2012: Andon Lazarov , Burgas Free University, Bulgaria

2012: Jacques Palicot , SUPELEC / Institut d' Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes, France

2012: Naoki Shinohara , Kyoto University, Japan

2012: Takashi Ohira , Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan

 

Francois Lefeuvre CNRS France

Brief Bio
Francois Lefeuvre is a CNRS Research Director Emeritus at the LPC2E laboratory (Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the University of Orleans. He is presently Past President of URSI (International Union of Radio Science). He obtained his first thesis in 1970 at the “Groupe de Recherche Ionospherique”, Saint-Maur des Fosses, received a fellowship from ESRO (now ESA) for studying natural ELF and VLF emissions in the magnetosphere at the Physics Department of the Sheffield University in UK (1970), got a permanent position at CNRS in 1972 and obtained his second thesis (these d’etat) in 1977 at the University of Orleans. In 1979/1980 he was a visiting scientist in the Radio Science Group at the Stanford University. He has published scientific papers in several domains including radio wave propagation within the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, inverse problems, signal analysis, risk management. He was Co-Investigator for several space missions (GEOS, AUREOL 3, INTERBALL, DEMETER), Principal Investigator for a wave experiment on the INTERBALL mission, and PI mission for the TARANIS project. He was Director of LPCE (Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement) from 1994 to 2003, chaired the ESA Space Weather Working Team (2002-2005) and was President of URSI (International Union of Radio Science) from 2005 to 2008 then from 2009 to 2011.

Abstract
Surprisingly, the propagation of radio waves through the ionosphere is still not completely understood. This has been recently pointed out from nighttime observations made by the DEMETER satellite (~700 km altitude) over powerful VLF ground-based transmitters used for communications with submarines. If it seems quite reasonable to observe high-power densities of VLF waves over geographical areas located at latitudes slightly below the ones of the VLF transmitters and their conjugated regions, it is difficult to explain: (i) the geographical extension of the VLF observations, and (ii) high-power densities of MF waves (lightning-generated whistlers) observed in the ~2. – 2.5 MHz band, over the same geographical areas than for VLF waves. The mechanism proposed to explain those observations is based on the radio-windows concept. The propagation characteristics of radio waves are derived from the Appleton-Hartree formula. The refractive index n² is a function of the X = f_pe²/ f ² and Y= f_ce/ f  parameters (with f the wave frequency, f_ce the electron plasma frequency and f_ce the electron gyrofrequency). Under given conditions for propagation, upgoing rays which reach the altitude of the X = 1 plasma cut-off are not reflected but converted to another propagation mode. As an example, for a propagation from below the ionosphere up to the 700 km altitude, assuming a given nighttime electron density profile, numerical simulations show that a 25 kHz VLF waves crosses a X = 1 plasma cut-off at ~ 90 km altitude (the entry into the ionosphere) whereas a 2.2 MHz MF wave crosses a first X = 1 plasma cut-off at ~ 250 km altitude (entry into the ionosphere) and a second one at ~ 400 km altitude (output from the ionosphere). The half angles of the transmission cones at the X=1 plasma cut-offs depend on the level of wave heating at those altitudes and so on the increases in collision frequencies generated by powerful VLF ground-based transmitters. Numerical simulations show that: (1) in the VLF frequency range, the wave heating being maximum at the altitude of the Ordinary mode resonance region, i.e. just above the X = 1 plasma cut-off, the half angle of the transmission cone may reach several dozens degrees, (2) in the MF frequency range, the wave heating being maximum at the altitude where the product of the electronic density and the collision frequency is maximum, the opening of the transmission cones strongly depend on the relative altitudes of the maximum heating and of the X=1 plasma cut-offs.

 

 

 

Hristo Kabakchiev Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", Bulgaria

Brief Bio
Hristo Kabakchiev is a professor at the Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", Bulgaria, and the leader of the “Signal Processing” research group at the Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Since 1989 he has been involved in signal processing applied research, including the development of a Bulgarian Coastal Radar for Long Surface for Marine Target Detection, ATC Radar for Low Flying Targets, Space Time Adaptive Processor for MTD LFM Radar (radar signal processors developed for the Bulgarian army), and Step Frequency Digital Ground Penetrating Radar. His current research interests include GPS acquisition processing at the software GPS receiver for broadband and pulse jamming suppression by using adaptive beam-forming processing with MVDR approach, CFAR detection at the cross-correlator output, non–coherent integration at the output of the receiver with CFAR detection, binary integration after CFAR thresholding.

Abstract
In the Radar System, if the transmitter and receiver are collocated, this configuration is known as a Monostatic Radar Systems (MRS). In contrast, if the transmitter and receiver are separate, the systems is known as a Bistatic Radar Systems (BRS). The other type of Bistatic Radar Systems with a non-cooperative transmitter is a specific case of Passive Bistatic Radar Systems (PBRS), which exploits broadcast and communications signals as ‘illuminators of opportunity’. For example where the signals from of the GPS system are exploited, this system is known as GPS PBRS. Currently, there is increased interest in Bistatic Radar Systems using Radar and GPS signals and, in particular, in systems operating at large bistatic angles where the effect of electromagnetic wave Forward Scattering (FS) occurs. This FS area is characterised by a gain in the target radar cross section and is restricted by the narrow corridor along the baseline, i.e. the line between the transmitter and the receiver separated by distance. However, this BFSRS and GPS PBFSRS has some fundamental limitations, which are the absence of range resolution and operation within very narrow angles. On the other hand, these systems may be used for the effective detection and tracking of targets moving in the FS area. Regardless of the large number of possible constraints, BFSRS and GPS PBFSRS may outperform traditional Monostatic Radar Systems in some situations, e.g. low profile, low speed and stealth targets (people, inflatable boats, and vehicles), as well as detection in a cluttered and complex environment (forest, urban, maritime). Several applications of this BFSRS and GPS PBFSRS for detection, estimation and classification of flying and moving objects in conditions of different clutter and jamming are consider. Signal models for Radar and GPS and Signal Processing for BFSRS and GPS PBFSRS are described. Results of numerical experiments are presented.

 

Kazuya Kobayashi Chuo University Japan

Brief Bio
Kazuya Kobayashi received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees, all in electrical engineering, from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan in 1977, 1979, and 1982, respectively. In 1982, he joined the Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Communication Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan, where he is currently a Professor. Dr. Kobayashi held the Visiting Professor position at various institutions including, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. (1987-1988), Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine (2001), and Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lvov, Ukraine (2001). He has been Adjunct Professor at The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China since 2004. Dr. Kobayashi received V. G. Sologub Prize (equivalent to Best Paper Award) at the “1998 International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Electromagnetic Theory” (MMET*98) held in Kharkov, Ukraine in 1998. Dr. Kobayashi is registered as a Member of the Science Council of Japan (SCJ), Japan and a Fellow of The Electromagnetics Academy, U.S.A. He has been the President of the Japan National Committee of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) since 2008. His research area includes, developments of rigorous mathematical techniques as applied to electromagnetic wave problems, integral equations, boundary value problems, special functions, radar cross section, and scattering and diffraction.

Abstract
The analysis of electromagnetic scattering by open-ended metallic waveguide cavities is an important subject in the prediction and reduction of the radar cross section (RCS) of a target. This problem serves as a simple model of duct structures such as jet engine intakes of aircrafts and cracks occurring on surfaces of general complicated bodies. Some of the diffraction problems involving two- and three-dimensional cavities have been analyzed thus far based on high-frequency techniques and numerical methods. It appears, however, that the solutions due to these approaches are not uniformly valid for arbitrary dimensions of the cavity. Therefore it is desirable to overcome the drawbacks of the previous works to obtain solutions which are uniformly valid in arbitrary cavity dimensions. The Wiener-Hopf technique is known as a powerful, rigorous approach for analyzing scattering and diffraction problems involving canonical geometries. In this contribution, we shall consider a finite parallel-plate waveguide with four-layer material loading as a geometry that can form cavities, and analyze the plane wave diffraction rigorously using the Wiener-Hopf technique. Both E and H polarizations are considered. Introducing the Fourier transform of the scattered field and applying boundary conditions in the transform domain, the problem is formulated in terms of the simultaneous Wiener-Hopf equations. The Wiener-Hopf equations are solved via the factorization and decomposition procedure leading to the exact solution. However, this solution is formal since infinite series with unknown coefficients and infinite branch-cut integrals with unknown integrands are involved. For the infinite series with unknown coefficients, we shall derive approximate expressions by taking into account the edge condition. For the branch-cut integrals with unknown integrands, we assume that the waveguide length is large compared with the wavelength and apply a rigorous asymptotics. This procedure yields high-frequency asymptotic expressions of the branch-cut integrals. Based on these results, an approximate solution of the Wiener-Hopf equations, efficient for numerical computation, is explicitly derived, which involves a numerical solution of appropriate matrix equations. The scattered field in the real space is evaluated by taking the inverse Fourier transform and applying the saddle point method. Representative numerical examples of the RCS are shown for various physical parameters, and the far field scattering characteristics of the waveguide are discussed in detail. The results presented here are valid over a broad frequency range and can be used as a reference solution for validating other analysis methods such as high-frequency techniques and numerical methods.

 

 

 

 

Andon Lazarov Burgas Free University Bulgaria

Brief Bio
Andon Dimitrov Lazarov received MS degree in Electronics Engineering from Sent Petersburg Electro-technical State University, Russia in 1972, and Ph. D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Air-Defense Military Academy, Minsk, Belarus in 1978, and Doctor of Sciences degree from Artillery and Air-Defense University, Bulgaria. From 2000 to 2002 he is a Professor at the Air Defence Department with Artillery and Air-Defense University. From 2002 he is a Professor with Bourgas Free University. He teaches Discrete Mathematics, Coding theory, Antennas and Propagation, Digital Signal Processing, Mobil Communications. His field of interest includes SAR, ISAR and InSAR modeling and signal processing techniques. He has authored above 150 research journal and conference papers. He is a secretary of Commission F of URSI Committee – Bulgaria, and a member of the IEEE, AES-USA, and in reviewer and editorial boards of IET - Canada, PIER & JEMWA – USA, Journal of radar technology, Beijing, China. EURASIP Journal on advances in signal processing - USA.

Abstract
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are instruments for target imaging. SAR utilizes movement of the radar carrier while ISAR utilizes displacement of the target in order to realize azimuth resolution. To realize a high range resolution both of systems use a large bandwidth signals. If the radar carrier and target are moving simultaneously it can be referred to as Generalized ISAR system. In bistatic radar topology the positions of the transmitter and receiver are different. If one or both of them are moving the system can be referred to Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (BSAR). If the target is moving the system can be referred to Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (BISAR). BSAR technique enjoys intensive research activities over the last ten years. It makes an impact on the progress in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse synthetic aperture radar technologies and meets strong requirements for the further enhancement of microwave remote sensing systems. The implementation of BSAR concept in ISAR will enlarge the area of application and improve substantially the functionality of imaging radars. Recently a new topology for a sub-class of bistatic SAR with non cooperative transmitter is presented. The topology comprises Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as transmitters of opportunity and a stationary receiver placed on the ground. It is a system for local area monitoring. BSAR with non cooperative transmitter is a class of bistatic SAR (BSAR) systems. It comprises a spaceborne transmitter, and a receiver located on or near the Earth’s surface (Fig. 1). BSAR encompasses a wide variety of system topologies. Any satellite can be used as a transmitter, dedicated or noncooperative. The receiver could be airborne, onboard a ground moving vehicle or stationary on the ground: GNSS as transmitters of opportunity (such as GPS, GLONASS and the newly launched Galileo) and an airborne receiver. In the present work Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (BSAR) and Bistatic Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (BISAR) as well as Bistatic Forward Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radars (BFISAR) concepts, configurations and applications are considered. Geometries, mathematical models and image reconstruction algorithms are described. Results of numerical experiments are presented.

 

Jacques Palicot SUPELEC / Institut d' Electronique et de Telecommunications de Rennes France

Brief Bio
Jacques Palicot received, in 1983, his PhD degree in Signal Processing from the University of Rennes. Since 1988, he has been involved in studies about equalization techniques applied to digital transmissions and new analog TV systems. Since 1991 he has been involved mainly in studies concerning the digital communications area and automatic measurements techniques. Prof. Palicot has taken an active part in various international bodies EBU, CCIR, URSI, and within RACE, ACTS and IST European projects. He has published various scientific articles notably on equalization techniques, echo cancellation, hierarchical modulations and Software Radio techniques. He is currently involved in adaptive Signal Processing and in new techniques as Software Radio and Cognitive radio. From November 2001 to September 2003 he had a temporary position with INRIA/IRISA in Rennes. He serves as Associate Editor for EURASIP JASP since 2008. He also served as lead guest editor several Special Issues on Software Radio, Cognitive Radio and Green Radio. He was Technical Program Chairman of CROWNCOM 2099 and Co General Chairman of ISCIT 2011. Since October 2003 he is with Supelec in Rennes where he leads the Signal Communications and Embedded Electronics (SCEE) research team.

Abstract
Green Cognitive Radio (GCR) is a Cognitive Radio (CR) with intelligence-enhanced functionalities, which is aware of sustainable development (SD) for energy efficiency and takes it as an additional crucial constraint in the decision making process of the holistic cognitive cycle. The Brundtland Commission of the United Nations (UN) defined SD as the development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". From then, several United Nations’ Conferences (from Rio de Janeiro- 1992 to Durban-2011) have confirmed this important issue. One of the most obvious aspects and challenges of SD is the earth climate change and the ever-growing CO2 emission. Currently, 3% of the world-wide energy is consumed by the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) infrastructure, which causes about 2 % of the world-wide CO2 emissions and surprisingly is comparable to the world-wide CO2 emissions by all commercial airplanes. These values of carbon footprint are extreme impressive. They have been confirmed by a lot of scientific studies and reported in many relevant international conferences and workshops. Generally, Green Radio is closely related to reducing energy consumption, but Green Radio could also be envisaged in a more widespread sense, such as to optimize spectrum usage (Green spectrum), to decrease spectrum pollution (which may have great consequences for astronomic observations), to reduce electromagnetic radiation/interference levels in order to enable harmonized coexistence of multiple wireless communications systems (i.e., less interference) as well as a reduced human exposure to harmful radiations, to recycle and reuse ICT equipment, and in many other related contexts. The radio spectrum is also considered as a natural and public resource, which should be carefully used, shared world-widely and economized efficiently. Therefore, in our point of view, what is classically meant for Green Communications should be fundamentally extended and even reformed. Recently, we have claimed in that Cognitive Radio is a paradigm–shift enabling technology for realizing Green Radio. Basically, we proposed an intelligent solution based on CR approach, keeping in mind the following key objective: "We would like to decrease the electromagnetic level by sending the right signal in the right direction with the right power, only when it is necessary, for achieving the same QoS by taking advantage of advanced intelligence". This is the essential concept of Useful Radio Waves.

 

Naoki Shinohara Kyoto University Japan

Brief Bio
Naoki Shinohara received the B.E. degree in electronic engineering, the M.E. and Ph.D (Eng.) degrees in electrical engineering from Kyoto University, Japan, in 1991, 1993 and 1996, respectively. He was a research associate in the Radio Atmospheric Science Center, Kyoto University from 1998. He was a research associate of the Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Kyoto University by recognizing the Radio Atmospheric Science Center from 2000, and there he was an associate professor since 2001. he was an associate professor in Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University by recognizing the Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere since 2004. From 2010, he has been a professor in Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University. He has been engaged in research on Solar Power Station/Satellite and Microwave Power Transmission system. He is a member of the IEEE, URSI, the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (IEICE) and the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ).

Abstract
Solar Power Satellite/Station (SPS) is one of important energy system in future, which is supported by radio wave technologies. The electric power which is generated in the SPS is transmitted to the Earth by microwave or laser. We need a high efficiency and light weight for microwave power transmission (MPT) system in order to reduce total cost of the SPS because the SPS is a huge commercial power satellite. There were some MPT phased array, for example, a phased array in the MILAX experiment in 1992 in Japan, a magnetron phased array in MPT airship experiment in 2009 in Japan, and a phased array in the Hawaii experiment in 2008 in US and Japan. However, there were not enough for the future SPS. There were and are various SPS projects in the world. However, there were not any SPS projects which focused on the development of the MPT phased array. Recently in Japan, there are two trials to develop a MPT phased array. One is a new phased array for collaborative inter-universities researches, which has been developed in Kyoto University in FY2010. The other is the SPS research and development project, in which we are developing thin and high efficiency phased array for MPT from FY2009. The Japanese SPS projects are based on ‘Basic plan for space policy’ which was established by Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy in June 2009. Beam forming and target detecting algorisms and technologies are also as important as the development of the high efficiency and light weight phased array. There are various beam forming and target detecting techniques for the SPS, for example, retrodirective target detecting with a pilot signal, Rotating Electromagnetic Vector (REV) method, Position and Angle Correction (PAC) method, etc. The Japanese SPS projects involve the verification of the various beam forming and target detecting techniques. In this paper, I show mainly developments of phased array and beam forming and target detecting techniques in the recent Japanese SPS projects.

 

Takashi Ohira Toyohashi University of Technology Japan

Brief Bio
Takashi Ohira received the B.E. and D.E. degrees in communication engineering from Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, in 1978 and 1983. In 1983, he joined NTT Electrical Communication Laboratories, Yokosuka, Japan, where he was engaged in research on monolithic integration of microwave semiconductor devices and circuits. He developed GaAs MMIC transponder modules and microwave beamforming networks aboard Japanese domestic multibeam communication satellites, Engineering Test Satellite VI (ETS-VI) and ETS-VIII, at NTT Wireless Systems Laboratories, Yokosuka, Japan. Since 1999, he has been engaged in research on wireless ad-hoc networks and microwave analog adaptive antennas aboard consumer electronic devices at ATR Adaptive Communications Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan. Concurrently he was a Consulting Engineer for National Space Development Agency (NASDA) ETS-VIII Project in 1999, and an Invited Lecturer for Osaka University from 2000 to 2001. From 2005, he was Director of ATR Wave Engineering Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan. Currently, he is Professor of Toyohashi University of Technology. He coauthored Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (Tokyo: IEICE, 1997). Prof. Ohira was awarded the 1986 IEICE Shinohara Prize, the 1998 APMC Prize, and the 2004 IEICE Electronics Society Prize. He serves as European Microwave Association Award Councilor and IEICE Microwave Technical Group President. He is an IEEE Fellow, Founder of IEEE MTT-S Kansai Chapter, and Founder of IEEE MTT-S Nagoya Chapter.

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are strongly expected to replace gasoline-engine motors as a green transportation. However, currently used EVs have inherent disadvantages such as too short cruising range by one charge, too long time of battery charging, too heavy weight, and too high maintaining cost. These are all due to bulky batteries onboard. To overcome those problems, there are many attempts to apply the power-while-running scheme like the electric railway to electric vehicles. One approach to this scheme is the magnetic coupling between two coils, which was first demonstrated in MIT and worldwide known as wireless electricity. This approach may be useful for charging the vehicles when they are staying at the parking lot or some facility. It would be difficult to keep a high power transfer efficiency when the vehicle is running. This is because the coils must be accurately placed to have a common axis to obtain a high efficiency. This lecture presents a novel scheme to achieve a high transfer power efficiency even while the vehicle is running. The idea stems from the railway, but how can it be done without an overhead wire? We focus on the tire with a built-in steel belt, which always touches a road on the surface. Supposing a pair of electrodes just beneath the road surface, the steel belt can pick up the power through displacement current in the tire. This scheme is called Electric Vehicle on Electrified Roadway Powered While Running or "EVER-PWR". The audience may say is it really feasible. So the lecture shows a spectacular demonstration at least in a video on the screen. As a measurement result using a scale model of EVER-PWR, an incredible power transfer efficiency exceeding 77% is exhibited. This is a major step toward the development of quite promising green vehicle technology for our sustainable future.